👥 English Plurals
English nouns usually become plural by adding -s or -es, but there are several other common patterns and a few irregular forms that every learner should know. In this lesson you'll learn how to make singular nouns plural and how to use them naturally in everyday English.
🟢 Add -s
🪁 kite → kites
🇪🇸 Spanish: cometas
🇫🇷 French: cerfs-volants
🇩🇪 German: Drachen
🇮🇹 Italian: aquiloni
🇵🇹 Portuguese: pipas
🇪🇸 Spanish: cometas
🇫🇷 French: cerfs-volants
🇩🇪 German: Drachen
🇮🇹 Italian: aquiloni
🇵🇹 Portuguese: pipas
🎈 balloon → balloons
🇪🇸 Spanish: globos
🇫🇷 French: ballons
🇩🇪 German: Luftballons
🇮🇹 Italian: palloncini
🇵🇹 Portuguese: balões
🇪🇸 Spanish: globos
🇫🇷 French: ballons
🇩🇪 German: Luftballons
🇮🇹 Italian: palloncini
🇵🇹 Portuguese: balões
🪴 plant → plants
🇪🇸 Spanish: plantas
🇫🇷 French: plantes
🇩🇪 German: Pflanzen
🇮🇹 Italian: piante
🇵🇹 Portuguese: plantas
🇪🇸 Spanish: plantas
🇫🇷 French: plantes
🇩🇪 German: Pflanzen
🇮🇹 Italian: piante
🇵🇹 Portuguese: plantas
🧸 teddy bear → teddy bears
🇪🇸 Spanish: ositos de peluche
🇫🇷 French: ours en peluche
🇩🇪 German: Teddybären
🇮🇹 Italian: orsacchiotti di peluche
🇵🇹 Portuguese: ursinhos de pelúcia
🇪🇸 Spanish: ositos de peluche
🇫🇷 French: ours en peluche
🇩🇪 German: Teddybären
🇮🇹 Italian: orsacchiotti di peluche
🇵🇹 Portuguese: ursinhos de pelúcia
🟡 Add -es
🥪 sandwich → sandwiches
🇪🇸 Spanish: sándwiches
🇫🇷 French: sandwiches
🇩🇪 German: Sandwiches
🇮🇹 Italian: panini
🇵🇹 Portuguese: sanduíches
🇪🇸 Spanish: sándwiches
🇫🇷 French: sandwiches
🇩🇪 German: Sandwiches
🇮🇹 Italian: panini
🇵🇹 Portuguese: sanduíches
🦊 fox → foxes
🇪🇸 Spanish: zorros
🇫🇷 French: renards
🇩🇪 German: Füchse
🇮🇹 Italian: volpi
🇵🇹 Portuguese: raposas
🇪🇸 Spanish: zorros
🇫🇷 French: renards
🇩🇪 German: Füchse
🇮🇹 Italian: volpi
🇵🇹 Portuguese: raposas
🍑 peach → peaches
🇪🇸 Spanish: melocotones
🇫🇷 French: pêches
🇩🇪 German: Pfirsiche
🇮🇹 Italian: pesche
🇵🇹 Portuguese: pêssegos
🇪🇸 Spanish: melocotones
🇫🇷 French: pêches
🇩🇪 German: Pfirsiche
🇮🇹 Italian: pesche
🇵🇹 Portuguese: pêssegos
🚌 bus → buses
🇪🇸 Spanish: autobuses
🇫🇷 French: bus
🇩🇪 German: Busse
🇮🇹 Italian: autobus
🇵🇹 Portuguese: ônibus
🇪🇸 Spanish: autobuses
🇫🇷 French: bus
🇩🇪 German: Busse
🇮🇹 Italian: autobus
🇵🇹 Portuguese: ônibus
🔵 Change -y to -ies
🧚 fairy → fairies
🇪🇸 Spanish: hadas
🇫🇷 French: fées
🇩🇪 German: Feen
🇮🇹 Italian: fate
🇵🇹 Portuguese: fadas
🇪🇸 Spanish: hadas
🇫🇷 French: fées
🇩🇪 German: Feen
🇮🇹 Italian: fate
🇵🇹 Portuguese: fadas
🍒 cherry → cherries
🇪🇸 Spanish: cerezas
🇫🇷 French: cerises
🇩🇪 German: Kirschen
🇮🇹 Italian: ciliegie
🇵🇹 Portuguese: cerejas
🇪🇸 Spanish: cerezas
🇫🇷 French: cerises
🇩🇪 German: Kirschen
🇮🇹 Italian: ciliegie
🇵🇹 Portuguese: cerejas
🎉 party → parties
🇪🇸 Spanish: fiestas
🇫🇷 French: fêtes
🇩🇪 German: Partys
🇮🇹 Italian: feste
🇵🇹 Portuguese: festas
🇪🇸 Spanish: fiestas
🇫🇷 French: fêtes
🇩🇪 German: Partys
🇮🇹 Italian: feste
🇵🇹 Portuguese: festas
🟣 Irregular Plurals
🦷 tooth → teeth
🇪🇸 Spanish: dientes
🇫🇷 French: dents
🇩🇪 German: Zähne
🇮🇹 Italian: denti
🇵🇹 Portuguese: dentes
🇪🇸 Spanish: dientes
🇫🇷 French: dents
🇩🇪 German: Zähne
🇮🇹 Italian: denti
🇵🇹 Portuguese: dentes
🦶 foot → feet
🇪🇸 Spanish: pies
🇫🇷 French: pieds
🇩🇪 German: Füße
🇮🇹 Italian: piedi
🇵🇹 Portuguese: pés
🇪🇸 Spanish: pies
🇫🇷 French: pieds
🇩🇪 German: Füße
🇮🇹 Italian: piedi
🇵🇹 Portuguese: pés
🐭 mouse → mice
🇪🇸 Spanish: ratones
🇫🇷 French: souris
🇩🇪 German: Mäuse
🇮🇹 Italian: topi
🇵🇹 Portuguese: ratos
🇪🇸 Spanish: ratones
🇫🇷 French: souris
🇩🇪 German: Mäuse
🇮🇹 Italian: topi
🇵🇹 Portuguese: ratos
👤 person → people
🇪🇸 Spanish: personas
🇫🇷 French: personnes
🇩🇪 German: Menschen
🇮🇹 Italian: persone
🇵🇹 Portuguese: pessoas
🇪🇸 Spanish: personas
🇫🇷 French: personnes
🇩🇪 German: Menschen
🇮🇹 Italian: persone
🇵🇹 Portuguese: pessoas
🧠 Useful Grammar
Singular vs. Plural Verbs
Use is with singular nouns and are with plural nouns.
🌵 The cactus is tall.
🌵🌵 The cacti are tall.
Use is with singular nouns and are with plural nouns.
🌵 The cactus is tall.
🌵🌵 The cacti are tall.
This / These
Use this for one thing and these for more than one.
🪁 This kite is blue.
🪁🪁 These kites are blue.
Use this for one thing and these for more than one.
🪁 This kite is blue.
🪁🪁 These kites are blue.
That / Those
Use that for one thing far away and those for several.
🎈 That balloon is red.
🎈🎈 Those balloons are red.
Use that for one thing far away and those for several.
🎈 That balloon is red.
🎈🎈 Those balloons are red.
⚠️ Common Beginner Mistakes
❌ childs
✅ children
✅ children
❌ womans
✅ women
✅ women
❌ foxs
✅ foxes
✅ foxes
❌ babys
✅ babies
✅ babies
❓ Useful Questions
🪁 How many kites do you have?
🇪🇸 Spanish: ¿Cuántas cometas tienes?
🇫🇷 French: Combien de cerfs-volants as-tu ?
🇩🇪 German: Wie viele Drachen hast du?
🇮🇹 Italian: Quanti aquiloni hai?
🇵🇹 Portuguese: Quantas pipas você tem?
🇪🇸 Spanish: ¿Cuántas cometas tienes?
🇫🇷 French: Combien de cerfs-volants as-tu ?
🇩🇪 German: Wie viele Drachen hast du?
🇮🇹 Italian: Quanti aquiloni hai?
🇵🇹 Portuguese: Quantas pipas você tem?
🍒 Do you like cherries?
🇪🇸 Spanish: ¿Te gustan las cerezas?
🇫🇷 French: Aimes-tu les cerises ?
🇩🇪 German: Magst du Kirschen?
🇮🇹 Italian: Ti piacciono le ciliegie?
🇵🇹 Portuguese: Você gosta de cerejas?
🇪🇸 Spanish: ¿Te gustan las cerezas?
🇫🇷 French: Aimes-tu les cerises ?
🇩🇪 German: Magst du Kirschen?
🇮🇹 Italian: Ti piacciono le ciliegie?
🇵🇹 Portuguese: Você gosta de cerejas?
🚌 Where are the buses?
🇪🇸 Spanish: ¿Dónde están los autobuses?
🇫🇷 French: Où sont les bus ?
🇩🇪 German: Wo sind die Busse?
🇮🇹 Italian: Dove sono gli autobus?
🇵🇹 Portuguese: Onde estão os ônibus?
🇪🇸 Spanish: ¿Dónde están los autobuses?
🇫🇷 French: Où sont les bus ?
🇩🇪 German: Wo sind die Busse?
🇮🇹 Italian: Dove sono gli autobus?
🇵🇹 Portuguese: Onde estão os ônibus?
🐭 Have you ever seen mice?
🇪🇸 Spanish: ¿Has visto ratones alguna vez?
🇫🇷 French: As-tu déjà vu des souris ?
🇩🇪 German: Hast du schon einmal Mäuse gesehen?
🇮🇹 Italian: Hai mai visto dei topi?
🇵🇹 Portuguese: Você já viu ratos?
🇪🇸 Spanish: ¿Has visto ratones alguna vez?
🇫🇷 French: As-tu déjà vu des souris ?
🇩🇪 German: Hast du schon einmal Mäuse gesehen?
🇮🇹 Italian: Hai mai visto dei topi?
🇵🇹 Portuguese: Você já viu ratos?
💬 Everyday Conversation
Packing for a Picnic
A: Did you bring the sandwiches?
B: Yes, and I packed some peaches.
A: Great! Where are the drinks?
B: They're in those baskets.
🇪🇸 ¿Trajiste los sándwiches?
Sí, y también traje unos melocotones.
¡Genial! ¿Dónde están las bebidas?
Están en esas cestas.
A: Did you bring the sandwiches?
B: Yes, and I packed some peaches.
A: Great! Where are the drinks?
B: They're in those baskets.
🇪🇸 ¿Trajiste los sándwiches?
Sí, y también traje unos melocotones.
¡Genial! ¿Dónde están las bebidas?
Están en esas cestas.
📝 Example Sentences
🎈 The balloons floated into the sky.
🦊 Foxes are usually active at night.
🪁 The kites flew above the beach.
🍒 The cherries are sweet and juicy.
🐭 The mice disappeared before sunrise.
🥪 We made fresh sandwiches for lunch.
🏆 Final Practice
Say the plural form before pressing play.
- kite → kites
- fox → foxes
- party → parties
- person → people
- tooth → teeth
- sandwich → sandwiches